Judgment of Paris Essay

Two actors from Paris, Robichon and Quinquart, fall in love with a woman, their co-star on stage. The trouble is, the lady loves both the men! Finally she devised a plan – she would marry the one whom the Parisians awarded the best actor title. How will they judge the two actors? Bit/Bits Robichon and Quinquart were two comedy actors in Paris and Suzanne was a beautiful actress in their troupe. The two actors loved Suzanne and Suzanne loves the two of them alike. When she was pressed from both the sides, Suzanne had to agree to marry one and consider the other as friend. (I wonder, who made it a law that one should marry only one!) Suzanne leaves the decision to the Paris audience. Whomever the audience chose as the best actor, she will marry him! Now the big question arises – how will Paris choose the best actor? How? How? While the two actors were seriously thinking and discussing about this, they had a visitor. Jacques Roux. Jacques Roux was once an executioner – an official who executed convicted criminals under the guillotine. Now that Jacques Roux had retired from service and is spreading the awareness that capital punishment was a crime against humanity. He wanted his message to be spread through dramatic monologues. Because Jacques had stage-fright, he seeks Robichon’s help and the latter agrees. Robichon enacted Jacques’ role in front of the Paris audience and everyone was spell bound. Suzanne was almost Robichon’s. At this, Quinquart counteracts. He disguises as Marquis de Thevenin, a judge, and invites Robichon to dine with him. During the meeting the Marquis (Quinquart) informs Robichon that he (Robichon) was going to die of the poisoned wine he had taken as a punishment for wrongly sentencing his son. Robichon believes this and is outwitted. Paris chooses Quinquart as the better actor and the judgment goes in favor of Quinquart. Summary What happens if two equally talented actors in Paris (or anywhere else) want to marry the same woman? This was a haunting question that Robichon and Quinquart had to answer because the two actors wanted to marry the beautiful Suzanne. When the duo failed to resolve the issue, Suzanne said, â€Å"Let Paris  decide.† â€Å"But how will Paris decide?† they asked. â€Å"By your performance!,† she replied. That was again another problem. They were like Aamir Khan and Sha Rukh Khan or like Mohanlal and Mammootty or Will Smith and Sylvester Stallone! No, I am wrong – they were comedians. They were like, like, yeas, Charley Chaplin and Johny Lever (I am not good at comparison!) By the way, students of Functional English, I do not have your text. If you send me the scanned/photographed copies of chapters, I can publish those chapters too. So, Robichon and Quinquart had to find a more convincing way to stand above the other. While they were thinking of this, they had a visitor – a retired executioner, and his name was Jacques Roux. You know that an executioner’s job is to kill the criminals whom the court sentences to death. In Paris execution is carried out by a guillotine, a terrible machine whose suspended blade falls on the culprit’s neck. Jacques Roux was disillusioned so he wanted to spread awareness in France about the cruelty of capital punishment. Being no good speaker (he had stage fright), Jacques Roux requested Robichon and Quinquart to do that for him. Without much thinking, Robichon accepted the offer and in a couple of days he gave a terrible shock to the Parisian audience as Jacques Roux but what Quinquart did was more than a shock. You will find that in the analysis section. â€Å"Alas!† persisted the newcomer, â€Å"with me time presses. I, too, am considering my latest part–and it will be the only speaking part I have ever played, though I have been ‘appearing’ for twenty years.† 1. ​​What does Jacques Roux mean by his latest parts? Jacques Roux was an ex-executioner who had resigned from his profession to spread the message that capital punishment was evil by telling the audience of the horrors of the post he had resigned. By his latest part, Jacques Rous meant this. 2. ​What does Jacques Roux refer to the ‘only speaking part’ that he had ever played? Jacques Roux was an ex-executioner. While he was an executioner, he never had a speaking part to do. All he had to do was to see the guillotine blade killed the convict in the best way, without a word. As he resigned from his profession for the horror of it, he was now aiming the stage to tell the world of the horror of capital punishment, the only speaking part in his life. 3. ​Why did Robichon take an acute interest in Jacques Roux’s case? On listening to Jacques Roux’s story and his intentions in life, Robichon thought of performing his story as to prove his acting skills for marrying Bruette. questions 1. Why do you think that Robichon and Quinquart were the best of actors?Robichon and Quinquart were the most loved comedians of Paris. Their very presence on the stage made the audience fall with laughter. When the fat Robichon merely opened his mouth, people started laughing and when the skinny Quinquart remained silent, the audience could not stop laughing. 2. Why did Robichon and Quinquart plague Miss Brouette? How did she solve this crisis? Both Robichon and Quinquart loved Miss Suzanne Brouette as she loved them, flirted with them and had passion for them. But when she was asked to choose one of them as her husband, she could not take a decision. She solved this crisis by asking them to prove their skills on the stage and be judged by the Paris audience. 3. What were the practical difficulties for Paris being the judge? There were two practical difficulties for Paris being the judge. If the usual Paris audience was to be the judge, the two actors should stage their performance on the same stage, same theater but the authorities would not allow them to play serious roles as they had always been identified with comic roles. Besides, both Robichon and Quinquart were equally loved and admired by the Parisians. 4. What brought the friendship of Quinquart and Robichon to a halt because they were both men of the world? Because Quinquart and Robichon were men of the world with emotions, they had both fallen in love with the fair Mademoiselle Brouette, their companion on the stage and for the very same reason, none of them could sacrifice his love for his friend. 5. Why was it necessary that the two actors remained funny till either they reached their death-bed or they demonstrated the supremacy of one of them? The two actors, Quinquart and R obichon, were determined to woo their companion actress Brouette by establishing their acting caliber above the other for the judgment of their Paris audience. 6. â€Å"Our only hope lies in versatility – the conqueror must distinguish in a solemn part.† What did Robichon mean by this? Why were Robichon and Quinquart pleased to accept this? Robichon and Quinquart were the best of comedians and no one had a doubt on this, therefore proving their skills in  handling serious roles as well was important. Robichon agreed to this idea because he knew that the audience would never accept his rival Quinquart as a serious actor because his very presence made the audience laugh. Quinquart was glad to accept this idea because he believed that a man like Robichon with his very heavy body would not get the sympathy of the audience. 7. Why did Quinquart readily agree with Robichon to play tragedy? Quinquart readily agreed to play a tragedy role because he believed that he could better than Robichon because the latter happened to be a fat man for whom playing a serious role was difficult and unlikely. 8. Why did Robichon think that doing a serious role was not going to be easy for the two actors? Robichon was of the opinion that the management of the theatre for which they had been hired and employed would not allow them do an off-track role, a change from comedy to tragedy. Besides, the two had been successful in comedy and the audience would not accept them doing solemn roles. 9. â€Å"There are Robichon and Quinquart, how amusing they always are!† What is ironical about this public opinion? For Paris people both Robichon and Quinquart were their dear comedians and therefore they could never think that they too had pains and sufferings. While they were amused to see them, the comedians were going through one of their hardest trials as to how to win their lady by defeating each other which was almost impossible. 10. Why did Robichon suggest performing off stage? Why was doing an off-the-usual stage performance not a good idea? Robichon, seeing that the two are equally good at acting and were loved by their usual audience for whom they played, because their audience would not choose a better actor, thought it wise to performing privately off-stage. Though this appeared to be a good idea, Quinquart found it not serving the desired purpose because their performance was to be judged by Paris. 11. Who was Jacques Roux? What did he want to tell the world? Why did he seek Robichon’s help? Jacques Roux was once a public executioner whose profession was to behead criminals under the guillotine. Having abandoned his profession because he believed capital punishment was evil, he wished to spend the rest of his life spreading this message on stage. Though he was determined to do so and having got an audience at Appeville-sous-Bois, he found it hard to perform for an audience due to stage-fright. He approached Robichon and Quinquart seeking advices to solve his fear on the stage. 12. â€Å"Across the sunlit terrace seemed to have fallen the black shadow of  guillotine.† How does this statement explain the mood? Jacques Roux was once an executioner though he abandoned the profession. He was a guillotine operator, a man who cared for the precision of the guillotine and accuracy of the blade-fall, so his presence reminded of the shadow of the guillotine. 13. Why did Robichon speak dramatically about Jacques Roux’s story? Having decided to do the very dramatic role for Jacques Roux, Robichon thought of convincing Roux of his acting skills. By dramatically speaking like this, he placed himself at a position of asking Roux to let him perform for him. 14. What was ‘queer’ about Jacques Roux suffering from stage fright? Jacques Roux was once a public executioner. His profession was to kill convicted criminals under guillotine without the speck of feelings. Even though he later awakened to a conscience stricken man, it was queer to think t hat he had stage fear. 15. Why did Robichon ask Mr. Jacques Roux if he was known to his audience? Robichon was determined to enact the role that Jacques Roux was to play at Appeville-sous-Bois so he wanted to know if the audience could recognize him when Robichon impersonated Jacques Roux. 16. Why did Jacques Roux agree to let Robichon play his part at Appeville-sous-Bois? Jacques Roux was a changed man though he was once an executioner. He wanted to spread the message that capital punishment was itself a crime against humanity. He agree to let Robichon play the role for him because in that way his message could reach the audience in the best way and he could earn five hundred francs for not doing his role on the stage. 17. Why did Suzanne make more of Quinquart after she heard about Robichon’s prospect of winning her? Though it is not very clear if Suzanne rejoiced at the prospect of Robichon’s winning her, she was found moving and talking with Quinquart more than usual which suggests her ex pression of love for Quinquart. It was likely that she was aware of the fact that she had very little time left to spend with him before getting married to the worthier Robichon. 18. How did Suzanne and Quinquart respond to Robichon’s performance? Sitting with the audience, watching Robichon’s performance, Suzanne felt relieved that Robichon hadn’t been able to strike the right note and that he hadn’t been able to impress the audience while Quinquart remarked that Robichon was amusing the audience for the contrasting effect. 19. What makes you think that Robichon’s performance as Jacques Roux was a great success that sealed his victory over Quinquart? Robichon’s playing the role of Jacques Roux,  from a pleasant note to a gruesome, hideous performance held the audience’ breath even after he ended and the curtain fell. Enumerating the horrors of the condemned criminals along with his shouting that he was a murderer and sob that accompanied his cry left a pin-drop silence in the hall. The fact that the audience didn’t clap at the end of his performance, that he withdrew amid tense silence and the rush of the press representatives placed the crown on Robichon’s success. 20. Why did Quinquart generously congratulate his rival even after the latter had defeated him in the test? Robichon’s performance was remarkable and deserved the praises even of his enemies but it was not for this reason that Quinquart congratulated Robichon. Being very smart, Quinquart had devised a plan to counter Robichon and he was confident that his plan would work as he envisaged. 21. Why was Robichon amazed on reaching the Marquis’ house? Robichon had expected the residence of a typical Marquis but it was more or less like a lodging. He was admitted by a peasant and was led into an ordinary room. 22. Why did Quinquart put on a lot of make-up while impersonating the imaginary Marquis Thevenin? Quinquart was very much known to his companion Robichon so appearing in front of him as an old man was definitely risky. To make sure he would not be recognized, Quinquart put on a load of make-up so that Robichon will feel sympathy for the old man rather than suspicion. 23. What do you figure out about the exact reason why the Marquis had been late? The character of Marquis Thevenin, the most significant role played by Quinquart to defeat his companion Robichon to win Suzanne, demanded considerable effort. Quinquart had to manage all that make-up during his journey to the lodging where his character had to meet Robichon who too would travel to this destination at the same time. To ease his efforts, to make time for his make-up, Quinquart had to give the excuse that he had been to his doctor. 24. How did Quinquart play his role of Marquis Thevenin? Quinquart made a crafty plot to give the biggest shock to his companion and rival, Robichon. Dressed as an old Marquis, infirm and broken hearted, he invited Quinquart who made himself known as Jacques Roux, an ex-executioner who resigned his post because of his late realization that capital punishment was a crime. Having served his guest a cup of wine, Quinquart – the Marquis – informed the ‘ex-executioner’ that the wine was poisoned to  kill him to avenge his son’s execution by his hands. However, Quinquart brought an end to his scary drama by revealing his identity.

Corwin Corporation Case Analysis Essay

Executive Summary The purpose of this article is to explore the real reasons hidden behind the event of project termination between Corwin Corporation with the Peters Company. The decision of taking this project was made slapdash by Corwin Corporation just a few weeks before Charismas under the pressure of Peters Company. After three months, the project was finally cancelled just on the early testing stage by the client unilaterally. This project failure led to not only financial loss for Corwin, but also cessation of relations with Peters Company which is one of the most important and also a difficult customer. Corwin as the synonymous with quality has stringent requirements for any project selection around product-based initiatives from outside client. However, under the pressure and the temptation of further undefined manufacturing contract from Peters, the requirements were completely neglected. The project failed to meet the client expectation due to lack of proper management at the pre-project and on-going phases. The major concerns of the failure include: project selection; staff competency; management support; project planning; and project communication between internal and external stakeholders. Introduction This article is prepared to seek the reasons of Corwin Corporation’s project failure. Hunting mistakes that Corwin made during the project initiation and execution stages and provides recommendation and solutions in order to avoid the occurrence of similar cases. Corwin Corporation is a globally well-known high-quality rubber components manufacturer. The top management of Corwin is highly conservative and tends to exand markets for existing products rather than new product development. Due to the high-quality products credibility, Corwin receives specialty products manufacturing frequently. By the conservation nature of Corwin’s management strategy, 90% of all specialty-product requires was rejected. However, this long standing internal protocols was totally breached and a high risky project was taken by Corwin from one of its existing customers-Peters Company in just a few days before Christmas. The Peters Company is one of major client of Corwin. The good relationship has been built up through past 2 years ‘corporation begins from 1980 to 1982. At the end of 1982, Corwin received a request from Peters to produce a new product under a fixed $ 250,000 budget. During the initial conversation, Corwin resisted to accepting this project due to short notice time and unclear project scope. However, project was finally accepted for maintaining good client relationship and gaining further potential revenue of manufacturing contract. Three months later, after a few conflicts this impetuous decision resulted in complete project failure and also cost Corwin’s relationship with Peters. There are quite a few reasons lead to this project failure. It includes project selection; project manager competency; managerial involvement, internal and external stakeholders’ communication. Hamburger argues that â€Å"in preparing an oversimplified, unrealistic project plan; in seeking commitments from a non-supportive management and an uncooperative functional organization; and in the false starts that result from working with an ineffective plan or no plan at all†(Hamburger, 1992) Discussion Project selection The first mistake was that Corwin Corporation should not take the risk to accept the work from Peters Company under such a short period of time and even without any clearly product specification. During the initial communication, Corwin Corporation is unwilling to accept this project from Peters Company but finally changed its mind after realizing for the upcoming financial incentives. The case happened just a few weeks before Christmas. Most management team members were away for their holiday. This was caused by a lack of project selection skills. As a result, without clearly understanding the uncertainties and project selection process will lead to project failure. Project selection is the very first step of the project life cycle and it is very important and foremost activity in project management(Jigeesh, 2012). Bard, Balachandraand and Kaaufmann(1988) states that â€Å"project selection is a very complex decision-making process since it is affected by many critical factors such as technical success, government regulations, differing preferences among project selection parties, etc†. Most projects will not execute until an in-depth assessment of their probability of success is made, and the outcome appears favorable (Bard, 1988). In order to ensure the project selection is the most appropriate to business need. Baker (1986) argues that it needs to go through the pros and cons analysis and problem or opportunity need to be clearly identified at the early stage. Staff competency The project manager was appointed by Engineering VP. The Engineering director, project manager’s immediate boss, stated that the manager’s expertise was in managing internal rather than external projects. If he were the decision maker, he would not assign him to be the project manager. Unfortunately, Engineering VP took the risk and believed the director was too pessimistic to give him a try. The fact proved his assumption wrong. Anderson (1992) argues that once the inexperienced project manager was assigned to a new project. He or She tend to keep on the strength his or her technical expertise. Because the project manager may be attentive on technical details of the project, not focus on other aspects of the project. This could be a reason for project failure. (Thornberry, 1989) Management support During the early stage of this project, most of managerial team members were on vacation. The marketing VP who initiated the project then passed to Engineering VP just the day before he was leaving for his vacation. Due to the R&D director was also away Engineering VP directly selected one of the R&D scientists as the project manager without asking his opinion. Bird (1988) states that the support of top management is interrelated with project success. The management support can be defined as â€Å"When a senior management project sponsor/champion, the CEO and other senior managers devote time to review plans, follow up on results and facilitate management problems†(Young & Jordan, 2008). The definition is interpreted to imply that project sponsor or management team members should spend more time on project activities and make enough time to be aware of the project status and to mediate as necessary. This is indicated that deficient management competencies or long distance remote leadership have negative impact on project outcomes(Blackstone, Cox, & Schleier, 2009). In this current case, most of management team members turn a blind eye to the project members and only engaged in blaming. Project planning In this example, the project team received a reluctant authorization to proceed from the CEO and then ball was passed from Marketing to Engineering team. The inexperienced Project manager was select by Engineering VP, not his direct leader. Also a contract man was assigned into the project team; he was totally unfamiliar with this kind of effort and just severed as a legal advisor once necessary. The Engineering director tried to argue that Peters Company was not easy to get along with and the project manager was very experienced in internal rather than external projects. Unfortunately his suggestion was left in the basket. Also during the first internal project meeting, the project manager was not in attendance at this meeting which was held with three vice presidents of Corwin Corporation. As Hamburger (1992) stated â€Å" Time wasted in the false starts that result from working with ineffective plan or no plan at all†. The appropriate project kick-off effort will get the pr oject heading in the right direction. Hamburger (1992) suggests that project kick-off should be organized in two ways. Firstly, internal communication among project team members and planning the project effort. Secondly, external communication involves meeting the client to reach common understanding on the project requirement and conclude an agreement on operating methodology. Except above communication methods, a complete project hand-over is needed. The final project team needs to be aware of the right direction requirements of the client. Furthermore, a solid project team is crucial. It is important to build up a cohesive project team with a common purpose that each member can make towards project success. Finally, the initial client meeting is necessary and should be taken seriously. Preparation for the client meeting includes development of the working procedures that will be needed for effective daily interaction among project manager, project team members and clients. Communication As discussed above, whatever internal communication with team members or external communication with clients, communication is one of the crucial competency that manager should have. Henderson (2008) argues that to be a qualified project manager, the best resource loader or an effective influencer is not enough. A qualified project manager must be a capable communicator, should possess the competency to share information both in writing and verbally. The communication skill is the most important among other competencies(Knutson, 2001). During the early support soliciting stage, the line groups were upset because the project manager did not ask the help in advance. By the time the project manager completed the first three tests, the in-house representative complained the tests were completely opposite to the right direct. The project manager chose to cater to the in-house rather than report to senior management team. The inexperienced project manager also did not know to involve funct ional staff, assuming they would just come on board when he needed them. The poor communication skills, combined with the in-house representative’s arrogant attitude along with his interference with the testing process, contribute to unpleasant working environment and also reduced the work morale of project team members. Krahn and Hartment (2006) found that listening and verbal communication were most critical competencies among other competences for project managers to be successful in nowadays organizational environments. All these problems arise because the inexperienced project manager did not notice the communication breakdown escalated during project execution. There are several communication action principles would be important for an efficient project management. Firstly, ensuring participation is in decision making by consulting all decisional factors. Secondly, the internal communication should be top priority and also a balance between internal and external communication must be taken into account. Finally, communication will not be a mere data transmission but also an exchange of information, idea and opinions (Posea, 2012). Conclusions 1. The hasty decision was a mistake fundamentally. Corwin Corporation did not take enough time to analyze the project specifications, pros and cons adequately. 2. The original project selection process was totally ignored. 3. The project team was built up with inexperience project members. This mistake leaded to communication breakdown with internal and external stakeholders and deficiencies in product examinations. 4. The inexperience technical talent was appointed to be the project manager. 5. The management team did not fully involve in this project. 6. The internal and external communication channels are blocked leading to misinterpretation of data, blindness among stakeholders. 7. Took the risk to accept the project from an existing client. Moreover, it had been aware Peters Company was difficult to deal with. Recommendations 1. Issue a rigorous company policy in project and project manager selection process. 2. Reinforce existing project selection process. Do not make any unwise decision unless it successfully passed the selection process. 3. Set up a train program on stakeholders’ communication. 4. School relevant employees about the project scope, project selection, pre-project planning and other project management relation train programmes. 5. Create project manager selection strategies to improve the managerial skills and administrative capabilities of project managers. 6. It is the responsibility of the managerial team to support project staff not only on project itself but also includes member’s feeling. 7. Set up a team to restore the relationship with Peters Company. 8. Build up internal and external communication protocols. Reference: Anderson, S. D. (1992). Project quality and project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 10(3), 138–144. Bard, J. B., R.; Kaufmann, P. E. (1988). An interactive approach to R&D project selection and termination. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 35, 139–146. Blackstone, J. H., Cox, J. F., & Schleier, J. G. (2009). A tutorial on project management from a theory of constraints perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 47(24), 7029–. Hamburger, D. (1992). Project kick-off: Getting the project off on the right foot. International Journal of Project Management, 10(2), 115–122. Henderson, L. S. (2008). The impact of project managers’ communication competencies: validation and extension of a research model for virtuality, satisfaction, and productivity on project teams. Project Management Journal, 39(2), 48–59. Jigeesh, N. (2012). Selection of project as important beginning for information technology pro ject management. IUP Journal of Operations Management, 11(1), 42–49. Knutson, J. (2001). Succeeding in project-driven organizations:people processes, and politics. New York: Wiley. Posea, C. (2012). Communication implied by the project management. Scientific Research & Education in the Air Force, 197–203. Thornberry, N. E. (1989). Transforming the engineer into a manager: avoiding the Peter Principle. Civil Eng. Pract. Young, R., & Jordan, E. (2008). Top management support: mantra or necessity? International Journal of Project Management, 26(7), 713–725.

Film Genre Essay

â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality†. Popular fascination with shock, horror and psychological thriller genre has been situated at an ultimate high, with school students wanting to learn about these popular genres. From watching videos and reading books from these exquisite genres, students receive various in site from the different eras and how those particular eras were controlled. Throughout the range of poetic genres each author has their own way of express feelings, protruding language techniques and helps show and feels emotions. Authors who illustrate genres in a particular way should be a part of the English curriculum, for the way they display the particular genres and help students understand the nature of fear, guilt and human conscience. Particular language techniques are used in shock, horror and psychological thriller genres. The language techniques have changed intensely over the years and this is due to how lifestyles are controlled and how woman and men portray themselves to each other. The differences between sentences from today society and society from years ago have changed dramatically. A sentence from ‘Macbeth,† Wherefore was that cry†. Today’s society â€Å"what was that noise or where did that noise come from†. Another quote from Edgar Allan Poe shows that the sentence structure were simple but complex and had intended to mean so much through such little words, â€Å"We loved with a love that was more than love.† Sentence from Authors who lived in different eras are interesting to study because we received a brilliant in site to how the language techniques were portrayed to being simple but complex. With the evidence provided, it is easy to see that Authors from different eras have much better language techniques. From directors, narrators, author and actor, in their plays, movies and shows a high variety on universal themes are shown. A universal theme is human emotions that the audience can relate to throughout the play, movie or show. A universal theme is themes were the actor or character is feeling sad, happy, angry or betrayed. Universal themes are defiantly very important for a student to learn about, and understand these different terms. These themes are used to interact with the audience and make the audience involved and when using universal themes in a scene it helps the audience interact  with that particular scene and helps the audience feel apart. Thirdly, students in today’s society are more engaging in English themes that they are wanting to learn about or what they enjoy learning about. With shock, Horror and the Psychological thriller genre at high demands and statistics say that these 3 genres are the most demanded genres in the world. With Shock, horror and psychological thriller genre being taught in schools, will most likely make school students engage in the Lesson more because they want to actually learn and be involved in the lesson. The final criterion is the difference in shock, horror and psychological thriller genre to now and 100 years ago has changed dramatically. These genres a long time ago were about simple fighting, simple killing, blood and guts. And in this century these genres mean people playing sick mind games and torturing, ghosts, demons, spirits, haunted houses, more in depth gory scenes and lots more. It is very important for students to learn about the difference in these genres and to compare them together they have changed a lot. School students today learn a lot from shock, horror and psychological thriller genre. The students learn a lot from particular language techniques, universal themes and how these particular genres have changed and evolved over time. If the Queensland censorship board considers banning these genres, they are taking a lot away about history that students need to learn about and are essential to the English learning curriculum.

About China's Macro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About China's Macro economics - Essay Example As of 2011, industry contributed 46.6 percent to total GDP, while services contributed 43.3 percent to GDP. The general economy grew by 92 percent by some estimates in 2011, and this growth can be construed as being broad-based and generally applicable to the economic centers. The key industries in the economic centers are the following (Central Intelligence Agency): mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites (Central Intelligence Agency). The political capital of China is Beijing. Due to the country’s socialist system of government, where economic planning is centralized, Beijing can be construed as being the nerve center of the control of economic activities in the countries. Beijing’s influence on the national economy is therefore very vast and very key to understanding how the economy fares and how it will fare moving forward (Central Intelligence Agency). The western region of China is deemed as having historically developed at a lesser pace compared to the East, where the development is disproportionately located. A description of the western region is as follows (China Internet Information Center): The western region includes nine provinces and autonomous regions i.e.,Gansu, Guizhou, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang and Yunnan, in addition to Chongqing Municipality, and covers two thirds of the nation’s territory, with a population making up 22.8 percent of the nation’s total. Western China is rich in mineral,

International Contemporary Slavery Research Paper

International Contemporary Slavery - Research Paper Example This study will examine international contemporary slavery and the facts that differentiate it from early forms of slavery. The study will also look at the factors that led to modern day slavery, forms of contemporary slavery, the politics involved, the international law and policies on slavery between countries, and steps taken to eradicate the problem. Contemporary slavery Many people approach slavery as part of collective history subscribing to the â€Å"rise and fall† of the slavery trajectory. When people speak of slavery, they imagine enslaved Africans toiling in sugar plantations and finally ending through the two legislations. They do not associate current times with slavery. The fact is that an estimated 27 million slaves exist today in the world. This number is more than double the number of slaves obtained from Africa and transported across the Atlantic. According to the international labor organization, 12.3 million people across the world are in one form of forced labor or another. United Nations estimates that 600,000 to 800,000 persons are trafficked internationally every year. Close to half of those involved in slavery are primarily young girls and women sold out for sexual exploitation (Bales 9). While most countries have anti-trafficking laws in place, their enforcement is erratic and in some, the laws are non-existent. The US State Department points out that 62 countries have failed to convict traffickers under the Palermo protocol as declared by UN. Currently, the slavery industry is estimated to be a $32 billion industry placing it at the same level with illegal arms trade and drug trafficking (Bales 50). International contemporary slavery is similar to past slavery in that it is characterized by violence and exploitation (Bales 12). However, today slavery is no longer a legal institution neither is it significant for any country’s economy. Slavery is also not a relationship based on ethnicity or race. Like in the past, slaver y exists in many forms; but modern slavery has two main characteristics, which differentiate it from early slavery. Today’s slaves are cheap and hence disposable (Bales 12). Today, slaves are cheaper than any other period in slave history. A field worker bought for $14,000 in 1850 would today cost only $100. This dramatically changes the economic scale of slavery. Drop in prices for any commodity affects the demand and supply economies. Currently, there are more potential slaves in the market meaning they cost little but generate high returns. Slave owners today can make returns from slaves as high as 800 percent (Bales, 12). Slaves’ inexpensiveness is good for the slaveholder and good for bottom line business but disastrous for the slaves. Buying slaves at a low price means they do not represent large investment that would require special care. This means that a slave is easily replaced. No one pays attention to the maintenance and care of the slaves or make a point o f keeping records on their whereabouts. If slaves get injured, ill or outlive their usefulness, they become a burden to the slaveholder and are in turn dumped or worse, killed (Bales 15). International contemporary slavery is facilitated by three main factors; population growth, poverty and corruption (Bales 15). After the Second World War, the world experienced population explosion. After 1945, the world

Analysis of Group Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Group Processes - Essay Example Group Overview This group has been formed for the purposes of attaining a particular objective. The primary directive of the group is to provide Death Star Hospital (DSH) with clear directions on how to achieve a better healthcare service delivery in Death Star Hospital. The group is made up of seven people, all from different hospital departments. Each member has their own responsibilities, and in working together the group is able to meet its targets and obligations (Hogg and Tindale, 2001). The group is tasked with formulating a way through which DSH will increase efficiency in all its departments to ensure a better quality service is delivered to patients. Members of the Group 1. Yoda: Team Manager Yoda is the most learnt member of the group; he is a hospital administrator. His creativity, positive thinking, passion and dedication make him the right man to be at the helm of the group. He easily interacts with people and has a witty sense of humour. We nicknamed him Yoda because o f how he is able to perceive what one wants to say when having difficulty in explaining oneself. Despite being a highly ranked member of the hospital management, he prefers working in the ‘trenches’ with the rest of staff, as he loves his work. 2. Leila: HR Manager When she arrived in Death Star Hospital three years ago, the human resource department was on the verge of being scrapped from the company due to its unproductiveness. Leila single-handedly brought the department back to life, and it is one of the most efficient and productive departments within the hospital. No challenge is too big for this young lady; she is extremely proactive when it comes to finding solutions in case any problem arises. However, her strict attitudes make her come across as aggressive in situations that involve confrontation, and she can be extremely intimidating. 3. C-3PO: Health Science Librarian C-3PO is the Health Science Librarian at DSH and she is held in high regard among her peers in the industry. C-3PO believes in self-drive and is not patient with people who delay her progress. She has excellent people skills. 4. Luke: Chief Resident His high level of expertise makes him a highly experienced doctor within DSH. He is a conservative person and does not talk much during work hours. He does not take personal or professional attacks lightly, and he tends to be very defensive if his department comes under fire. He has gotten himself into trouble with the hospital administrator for putting the needs of his department in front of the hospital’s needs. 5. Darth Vader: Financial Manager His impeccable cost cutting mechanisms are unmatched within the hospital. Darth Vader had climbed the corporate ladder to the manager position within the first four years of joining Death Star Hospital. Sometimes he gets too personal when hospital departments abuse their budget allocations. He is a good team player and a good listener when people give him suggestions and ideas . 6. Landor: System Analyst Landor has been with DSH for around six years now; he is currently the head of the hospital’s IT department. He was instrumental when DSH was switching from a manual system to a computerised one three years ago. He is a good communicator and is able to determine user requirements without fail, and he delivers each and every time even when given short deadlines. 7. R2-D2: Chief Nurse R2-D2 is the head of the nursing department of DSH. Even though she is young, she maintains a high

Forensic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forensic - Essay Example The modern world is experiencing more sophisticated criminal activities that use technology to hide the identity. One of the commonly used method in crime propagation is the use of typewritten documents. Printed documents are used for criminal purposes such as communication, threatening, or soliciting ransom. Investigators thus face a dilemma on how to track the suspects. However, locating the machine used in printing or photocopying the documents is critical in narrowing the search area. Several methods are used to identify the machine that printed a particular document. The machines are traced from the unique characteristics of their output. Some of the characteristics include; paper banding due to variations in speeds of toner cartridges, marks from feed system, graphic marks put by specific printers and identification of indentations using Electrostatic Detection Device (EDD). According to Chiang et al. (2004) printer prices have enormously dropped, and almost everyone can afford one. However, the manufacturers of these printing machines lower the quality of the machines to reduce costs of production. Changes are visible in aspects such as plastics gears that move the toner cartridge. The cartridge gears are also never uniform making toners cartridges run at different speeds. Every printer or photocopiers have unique toning pattern as a result of toner morphology and chemical composition (Girard, 2013). Forensic experts are thus able to determine the machine used in printing or photocopying a paper. As noted, the variability in cartridge speeds inhibits accuracy of the toner. The photoconductor is subsequently rotated at different speeds. The situation leads to uneven detection of text or image with certain parts being darker and others lighter. The phenomenon is called banding and is common in printers and photocopiers that use rotation beams.

Economic Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Questions - Essay Example While low levels of inflation are manageable, higher levels can wreck havoc on an economy. Inflation at any level acts as an invisible tax on savers. Any money saved is capable of purchasing less goods and services. This harms vulnerable groups such as senior citizens who rely on savings more heavily than other groups. It also provides a disincentive to save. Also if growth is too rapid it can risk a shock to the system by bursting an economic bubble, like the tech bubble of the nineteen nineties or the recent housing bubble. Deflation and unemployment are the dangers of the recessionary side of the business cycle. Deflation is a decrease in the price of goods and services. The real danger of deflation is falling into a deflationary spiral. A deflationary spiral occurs when consumers expect prices to fall, so they delay spending. Retailers and suppliers need to provide goods and services so they lower prices. If consumers do not spend producers are forced to cut back on costs, including labor, which increases the incentive for consumers to save and not spend. Unemployment can soar and many firms can be forced to shut down. A deflationary spiral is part of the cause of the Great Depression. Unemployment above natural levels harms the economy its participants. People out of the work force longer than frictionally required can start to lose skills, which can limit long term employability. Unemployment also reduces the ability of families to provide necessities and luxuries for themselves. This is all compounded by the general negative psychological effects of unemployment on the unemployed. For the economy it is also harmful. It means productive capacity is idle and the amount of goods and services the economy can produce falls. It is necessary to intervene to protect against the dangers of inflation, deflation, and unemployment. Intervention can be taken

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) Research Paper

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) - Research Paper Example s therefore become expedient to note that the effective teaching and learning of English has gone beyond the stereotypical to regimented/tradition of mere classroom teaching because of the emergence of various gadgets in information and communication technology (Viatonu, Kayode 2000:1). In the 21st century, majority of people, be they students, researchers or teachers, are making use of the computer and internet to search for information, to chat or to play games. Teachers are becoming the greatest beneficiaries of digital media as far as bringing the world into the classroom is concerned and using authentic resource materials. ICT is being used to provide curriculum tasks and activities that challenge students; this extends to gifted and talented students. It helps them work to a higher level than they otherwise might, for instance, they can access not only the school library books but also academic treatises (Galloway, 2007:26). Galloway also established that ICT is beneficial to students in several ways. There is the potential to present information in multiple formats, speech and image, with software such as ‘Writing with Symbols’. With ICT, activities can be repeated endlessly and identically as students learn the practical nuances of English pronunciation (Galloway, 2007:26). ICT in ELT has also achieved its status as far as translation is concerned. Web-based instant translations are available to and from English and at least nine other languages. Because of the multimedia presentational possibilities and the activities now available, the curriculum is becoming deeper and more enriched by new technology, creating engaging and motivating learning experiences for all students regardless of their needs and abilities (Galloway, 2007:26). There are invaluable pedagogical gains in the use of ICT. This has also contributed to the status of ICT. Teachers are able to develop an effective learning platform. With such a platform, teachers are able to create

Essay Question Rewrite Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essay Question Rewrite - Assignment Example Variances in connotations make new descriptive terminology and expressions assume new meanings. The meanings of words may also aimlessly â€Å"drift†, their functions having different value or implications with time. Furthermore, colloquial phrases may be regrouped to create new and unpredictable meanings that are different from the initial purpose of the phrase based on word grouping. 2. The Theme â€Å"Today’s Dialect is Tomorrow’s Language† runs through the text (p.92). McWhorter argues this as a kind of Mantra for the linguistic discussion: â€Å"Dialect is all there is.† Using McWhorter’s analysis of the eight languages of the Chinese Versus eight Chinese dialects, support your understanding of this theme in Chapter 2. McWhorter used the theme of â€Å"Today’s Dialect is Tomorrow’s Language† to create the impression that language’s true understanding is obtained through the analysis of different dialects that are broadly considered as language because it is their direction that determine what will eventually be considered as proper usage over time. Various language branches with distance themselves become languages over time. 3. The author describes how language proceeds in myriad directions. Dialects form by migration, communication and education. How would you relate examples of the family tree of making stew in discussing how language change and mixing is inherent according to the author (p. 93-94). Chapter 3 In order to understand McWhorter’s ideas on the mixing and change of language, one has to analyze the way he compares language to cross pollination. Change of language is natural as various dialects are formed by groups of people change and move language to suit their specific needs in a way that complies with the â€Å"family tree† metaphor. Furthermore, the author notes that as speakers of various dialects migrate and communicate with other

Human - Ultraviolet Essay Example for Free

Human Ultraviolet Essay After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other. ?Race Homework After taking the quiz, it gives me a deeper impression of what race really is, and provide me a clear, new, and accurate understanding about how we are different. From the previous study I knew that human DNA can be traced back to Africa population, we have the same ancestry. But I have never further my thought to think about why there are differences among us. The differences and variation of us such as skin color, height, and susceptibility to disease is because changes in genes and environment. After the expansion of human from Africa, those slightly changes in genetics due to the changes of environment that human are encounter with that forms the differences of our appearance. For example, the differences of the skin color is due to the ability of adapting ultraviolet radiation, and geographic differences from time to time evolution of the human being. Because of these differences occur, the word â€Å"race† is created to classify these variation among people in different region of the world. However, we are 98% similar to each other genetically, because we have the same ancestry that we start from a village in Africa. Racism is very serious problem in the world. It is a stressor to us, which would cause illness, and mental problem. As person who understand this concept need to spread the idea to avoid racism. Racism is a false perspective from the difference among us, because we are 98% the same with each other.

Gileads strict laws Essay Example for Free

Gileads strict laws Essay In contrast, the presentation of Alison in The Millers Tale is of black humour, and an example of this is at the part near the end of the story where she humiliates Absolon, another interested suitor, in a very vulgar and insulting way. He tries to romantically pursue her but she is not very interested in him, and so when she is still with Nicholas in the house, she decides to stick her bottom out of the window for Absolon to kiss, instead of her face, which is what he had been expecting instead. Nicholas then decides to follow her example by sticking his own bottom out of the window, little knowing that an enraged Absolon had gone and come back with a scorching coulter, ready to burn Alison, but instead burns Nicholas. Despite her wild and unpleasant character, Alison is rather lucky to avoid and escape any punishment, and that it is all the men who are hankering after her, who instead become ill-fated in shameful and unfortunate events. However, with Alison and Abigail both being women, they are already in difficult positions in life, as they are both members of the slightly less important gender in their times, and each have their own individual obstacles to overcome. Abigail Williams uses her power in The Crucible to whip up hysteria in the town during the crazy period of the Salem witch trials. Her involvement starts after she has a short lived sexual affair with John Proctor whilst she is working as a house servant at his home. Whilst John is in it just to fulfil some of his needs that he is not receiving at that time from his sick wife Elizabeth, Abigail sees it a lot more than just a fling. After what we know about her troubled life and what she has been through, its no surprise really that Abigail feels lonely and would jump at any chance she could have of some passion, love and affection, something she probably hadnt felt in a long time, if at all. When Elizabeth finds out about the affair, she throws Abigail out of the house, who then goes on to live with her uncle, Reverend Parris. Even after John has discontinued the lechery with her, Abigail still wont stop trying to pursue him. She even goes so far as to manipulate Reverend Parriss slave Tituba into using her black magic in the forest to cast a spell of death on to Elizabeth. This is rather shocking that someone could be so cruel enough to actually wish death upon someone else just to get something of theirs that they wanted and didnt really deserve. Tituba is probably the only other person in the play with a lower status than Abigail, since she is in the unfortunate position of being a black female slave. After Reverend Parris witnesses them with many other girls in the forest seemingly practicing witchcraft, they are all sent to court to be trialled. Abigail does not stop there in her quest to eliminate Elizabeth, so she decides to use the trial as an opportunity to accuse Elizabeth of witchcraft in order to get her hanged. This whole vendetta of Abigails against Elizabeth Proctor is all mainly based on jealousy, and she does not care who gets hurt in her goal to get at Elizabeth and win over John Proctor. Ironically enough, it is John himself who sacrifices himself at the end of the play for his pregnant wife, by confessing to witchcraft and being sentenced to death. Elizabeth Proctor herself is a rather decent and loving woman, who shows bravery, loyalty and strength. She does form a strong dislike for Abigail, which is understandable though since she had been her husbands mistress whilst working as housekeeper at their home and Elizabeth also says to her husband She [Abigail] wants me dead, John. She seems to have much faith in her marriage, since she is willing to make it work between them by trying to forgive her husband for the affair. She even decides to protect his good reputation by not letting the court know about his adultery. She also tells John Proctor at the end of the play that she is partly to blame for his cheating, since she admits to being a cold wife (being not sexually responsive) who could have treated him a lot better. Elizabeth is another character who breaks a female stereotype, but in a very different way to Alison, as she is expected to always agree to sex but does not always. We can sympathise with Elizabeth because of the fact that she had been ill and was betrayed by her own husband, who had committed one of the worst moral crimes that a husband could do to his wife. She is evidently very hurt by it, and it would have taken a lot of strength for her to forgive him and move on. The positions of women in The Handmaids Tale are very different to that of where women rank in The Millers Tale and The Crucible. Whilst women may have fewer rights than men in the other two stories, it is really nothing in contrast to the way women are treated in The Handmaids Tale, where women really seem to have it the worst in the very chauvinistic and patriarchal society. The women of Gilead are divided into different groups and ranks. The legitimate groups of women include the Handmaids, the Wives (of commanders), the Aunts, who train and supervise the Handmaids, and the Marthas, unmarried infertile women who are solely involved with domestic work. And they are the lucky ones; the illegitimate women are mainly unwomen, such as those who are sterile, feminist or socially deviant. The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood is about a dystopian world where many women are taken captive as Handmaids, and they are used by the government of the Republic of Gilead, a fictional country within the borders of the United States of America, to help continue the human race. These Handmaids are the only women left who are fertile, and it is their duty to become pregnant by their assigned Commanders and have their babies, since the Commanders wives cannot bear children themselves. In the society in this book, women are blamed for everything when it comes to conception and childbirth; it is always thought to be the womans fault, any fault of the man is never even considered. Offred is one of the Handmaids, and she is the main protagonist and narrator of this book, telling us her personal touching story of what she experiences in this controlling world. Offred, like all the others Handmaids, is being controlled by this strict totalitarian regime that is based on religion. Firstly, she is forcibly removed from her own family, her husband Luke and their young daughter. Earlier in the plot, the three of them had tried to escape across the border, but unfortunately they were all caught and separated from each other. Their daughter is taken away for adoption, whilst it is unknown what really happened to Luke. Offred is missing them tremendously and is frequently thinking about them and narrating these thoughts throughout the novel; she wonders where her daughter is now and what she looks like, and she wonders where Luke might be and whether he is even still alive or not. All this information she tells us about her family gives us an idea of her background, and we have very good reasons to sympathise with her. Compelled by the regime into training as a Handmaid, they do all they can to strip her of her identity. They remove her name and give her the new slave name of Offred, meaning Of Fred, as she is now belonging to and property of a Commander named Fred. Other Handmaids are also given new names in the same way, such as Ofglen and Ofwarren. Unlike like some of the other Handmaids, we are not directly told what Offreds real name is, though it is implied at the end of Chapter One that her name is June, since all the names listed apart from that one are accounted for at some point in the novel. This treatment of the Handmaids makes it seem as if they are animals, or objects. In addition, all the Handmaids wear a uniform of red draping garments, symbolic of several relevant things such as menstruation, childbirth and sexual sin. The clothes are also designed to cover up the curves and shape of the womanly body, in order to preserve modesty, much in the same way as many Muslim women do today. We get a deeper insight into Offreds dreary and shocking job when she bluntly describes the ceremony. The way she describes it is that the Commander is fucking her, and that no other word or phrase, such as making love, copulation or rape, fit the situation quite rightly. And the commanders wife has to dutifully lie there with her and grip her hands, as if to pretend that it is she who is being fucked, and not Offred. This makes the situation all the more bizarre and uncomfortable for everyone involved. Out of all the female characters that we are focusing on, Offred is probably the most sympathetic. She arguably has the most difficult lifestyle to tolerate and suffer, but she mainly follows what is expected of her out of her society, and hardly does anything erroneous. The only few times she does deviate from Gileads strict laws is when she has an illicit affair with Nick, the Commanders chauffer, which is set up by Serena Joy in order to increase Offreds chances of conceiving a child, as Serena Joy herself believes that her husband could be infertile, even though this is against the law for anyone to think. Offred proves to be the only heroine out all our female characters, since Abigail and Alison are both villainous antagonists in their respective stories.

The Classification Of Learning Strategies English Language Essay

The Classification Of Learning Strategies English Language Essay Interest in the characteristics of good learners led researchers to identify learning strategies. Learners are different because of their internal differences and the role played by the external factors. Among these differences are the strategies used by learners (Griffiths and Parr, 2001, p 249). In some researches the terms strategies and skills are used synonymously à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦skills and strategies such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Drake, 2008, p 8), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦skills/ strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Lu, 2006, p ii). In other researches, skills are differentiated from strategies. Skills are defined as acquired abilities, proficiencies (Harris and Hodges 1981, 298) and a mode(s) or manner(s) in which language is used (Richards et al. 1985, 160) and they are used to perform well (Hudson, 2007, p 78). In (Griffiths, 2004) strategies are defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾devicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Ellis 1986; Rubin 1975), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Rubin 1975), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾operations, stepsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (OMalley et al 1985), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾directionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Stern 1992) and are used to acquire (Rubin 1975) to facilitate, (OMalley et al 1985), and to compensate (Ellis 1986). Strategies are also different from skills in that they are used consciously (Nuttall, 1996). Because they are tools, strategies are assumed to dominate over skills (OMalley et al., 1985, p 557). In this work, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ is used to refer to the systematic ways which are consciously used by the readers to guide and enhance their reading processes. 2.6.1 Classification of learning strategies Researchers have tried to produce lists of learning strategies. Classification of learning strategies has primarily followed the theory of cognition, which is concerned with the way the brain works to process and call information back (Macaro, 2001). Rubin (1975) defined learning strategies as the techniques or devices which a learner may use to acquire knowledge. She divided these techniques or devices into Direct Learning Strategies and Indirect Learning Strategies. Direct Strategies are directly related to the items or issues being learned. They are clarification/verification, monitoring, memorisation, guessing/inductive inferencing, deductive reasoning, and practice. Indirect Learning Strategies are concerned with learning environment adaptation: creating opportunities for practice, and production tricks (Hismanoglu, 2000). Rubinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s (1975) classification reflects an interest in the relationship between the strategies used on one hand and learning processes and learning-environment adaptation on the other. In a later study, Wenden and Rubin (1987) learning strategies were classified into cognitive strategies and self-management strategies (Gamage, 2003). While cognitive strategies are concerned with the procedure used by the learner to process the information received, self-management strategies involve controlling the learning process itself. Using the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾self-managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ highlights the conscious use of the strategies. Social and affective factors were introduced in the classification presented by OMalley and Chamot (1990). They classified language-learning strategies into Cognitive strategies, Metacognitive strategies and Social/ Affective strategies (OMalley and Chamot, 1990, pp 44, 45). Cognitive strategies are relevant to the learning activities used by the learners to process new information. Metacognitive strategies are the activities which reflect a learners knowledge and management of his/ her learning process. Finally, Social/Affective strategies account for the social and affective aspects related to learning such as interacting with other people or controlling oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s own feelings while learning. Oxford (1990) developed the so-called Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) which also apply to teaching. In this inventory, she divided strategies into main groups: Direct strategies and Indirect strategies. She divided these two major groups into six subgroups. 1) Direct Strategies: Cognitive Strategies (practicing, receiving and sending messages, analysing and reasoning, and creating structure for input and output) Metacognitive Strategies (centring learning, arranging and planning learning, and evaluating learning) Memory Strategies (creating mental linkages, applying images and sounds, reviewing, and employing action) 2) Indirect Strategies: Compensation Strategies (guessing intelligently, and overcoming limitations) Social Strategies (asking questions, cooperating with others, and empathising with others) Affective Strategies (lowering anxiety, encouraging oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s self, and taking emotional temperature) (Oxford, 1990, p 17) This classification of strategies can be considered the most detailed one because of its headings and subheadings. 2.7 Reading strategies Reading strategies are defined as readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ conscious use (Nuttall, 1996, p 40) of techniques, operations or steps a learner takes to conceive a task, what textual cues they attend to, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do not understand (Block, 1986, p 465). Doing so, readers should be aware of the strategies used and how to control them when they read (Paris et al., 1986, pp 92- 108). L1 reading studies constituted the base of reading studies in general.and the results and procedures were extended to cover L2 studies. Grabe and Stoller (2002) point out that foreign language teachers should assist students to transfer L1 reading strategies and to gain sufficient L2 proficiency (pp 84, 85). Studies of L1 reading strategies have usually concentrated on describing and listing the characteristics and strategies that distinguish good readers from poor readers and on the factors or reasons that may affect the reading process. Olshavsky (1976/1977) studied the effect of reading material and interest in reading strategy use for 24 tenth grade students while they were trying to comprehend a short story. The results revealed that both good readers and poor readers used the same strategies; however, readers with high interest in the material used strategies more frequently than did readers with low interest. In relation to the material, readers used more strategies when engaged in abstract material. Thus, it can be concluded that the kind of material and readers interest affect the number of the strategies used. Hosenfeld (1977) compared the strategies used by good readers and poor readers. The subjects were 40 students out of the 210 students who administered MLA-Cooperative Test of Reading Proficiency in Western New York. Twenty of the subjects scored high (32-45), and the other twenty scored low (13-19). The researcher concluded that good readers are characterised by keeping the meaning of the passage in mind as they read, reading in broad phrases, skipping words that are considered unimportant and unknown, looking up words, correctly, in the glossary as a last resort, and having a positive self-image as a reader. This study reveals that good readers are strategic and make use of their working memory. Some studies investigated certain strategies rather than describing the general characteristics of the reader. Kavale and Schreiner (1979) compared the way reasoning strategies were used by eight average and eight above-average readers who were selected from sixth grade population in a suburban public elementary school based on their scores in the Comprehension section of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test. Although the two levels used similar strategies, above- average readers used strategies more efficiently and successfully. Moreover, they realised that the above-average readers used strategies flexibly and sought alternatives when they needed to. In this study, it seems that the difference between the readers is not the number or kind of strategies used rather it is a matter of efficiency and flexibility. Studies also investigated the use of a group of strategies to achieve one purpose. Afflerbach (1990) investigated the strategies used to construct the main idea of difficult texts, and the contribution of prior knowledge to strategy use. The participants were eight (four anthropology doctoral students, four chemistry doctoral students) who had relatively high background knowledge in their own field, and relatively low knowledge in the other field. The two texts used in this study were from two different knowledge domains: anthropology and chemistry. In this study, the topic sentences were removed from the texts. He noticed that four strategies were used: Draft-and-Revision, Topic/ Comment, Initial Hypothesis, and Listing. In Draft-and-Revision, the reader jots down an idea, judges it, then when it proves to be wrong, it is revised. The second strategy is Topic/ Comment, in which the reader highlights a topic and comments on it. The third is generating an Initial Hypothesis based on the title, the first sentence, or skimming the text; then testing the accuracy of th e hypothesis and modifying it. The final strategy is Listing where the related words, concepts, or ideas are grouped together. It was also noticed that familiarity with the text generated its automatic processing (Afflerbach, 1990, p 33). This may suggest a relationship between automaticity and prior knowledge. The strategies used can also be affected by level of difficulty. Kletzien (1991) compared the strategies used by good readers and poor readers as they were presented with texts that varied in difficulty. The 48 participants in this study were 10th and 11th grade students at a suburban high school in the U.S. Twenty four of these subjects were good comprehenders while the others were poor comprehenders. She observed that both groups used the same type and number of strategies when the text introduced suited groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s level. However, poor readers used fewer strategies than the good readers as the texts became more difficult. Macaro (2001) also reported that good readers do not get anxious when they do not understand (Macaro, 2001, pp 86, 88). Kozminsky and Kozminsky (2001) explored the relationship between general knowledge and skills in applying reading strategies on one hand and reading comprehension on the other. The participants were 205 ninth-graders in two comprehensive high schools in a city in southern Israel. Thirty four subjects were expected to successfully complete the full high school programme and full course of the national matriculation examinations, 128 were expected to get the diploma and take a few of the national matriculation examinations, 21 students were expected to complete the high school programme and obtain a diploma, and finally 22 were expected to complete twelve years of schooling to obtain a diploma. In this study, the researchers concluded that general knowledge and the ability to apply reading strategies contribute to reading comprehension. However, this contribution varied because of the differences in the educational level of the students (academic, semi-academic, vocational, and learning disabilities). Through think-aloud protocol and interviews, Lau (2006) highlighted the difference in the reading strategies used by four good and four poor Chinese readers. These subjects were in eighth grade in Hong Kong. The researcher realised that good readers are characterised by their knowledge of vocabulary and strategies, their abundant use of the strategies, and their memory capacity whereas poor readers lack these characteristics. L2 reading proficiency can also affect metacognitive strategies. Koli -Vehovec and BajÃ…Â ¡anski (2007) explored comprehension monitoring of bilingual (Croatian native speaking) students at different levels of perceived proficiency in Italian. They noted that proficient students in a second language showed greater mastery of monitoring skills than the less proficient students, and that monitoring contributed to reading comprehension in higher elementary school. These studies show that good readers are characterised by their knowledge of vocabulary and their working memory capacity. These characteristics helped them use reading strategies more efficiently and flexibly than poor readers. Lack of these abilities and prior knowledge about the reading material, and textsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ levels of difficulty affected poor readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ achievement negatively. The strategies mentioned in the above studies can be grouped into three categories: tools used in the reading process, manipulation of reading material and planning and monitoring of reading process. The following table summarises that.

The United Kingdom Should NOT Leave the European Union Essay -- Europea

The European Union is a powerful and influential organization consisting of twenty seven countries with significantly strong economies including the renowned United Kingdom. The UK benefits greatly from being a member of this union. However countless British government officials and politics as well as the self-righteous citizens of the country think that the EU is preventing the UK’s authority from developing further. The truth is entirely different, by being the Member State of the EU, Great Britain is part of the entire world’s leading market, it has a greater economy than that of Japan and the USA combined and takes up a strong position in the world. Great Britain is known in the world for its great history as being a world power in the early 20th century and the 19 century. It still remains the sixth-largest economy and is famous for its military, political and economical strength. It is strong and influential to a certain degree. It currently has around 62.74 million citizens but as the independent and famous for her ideals Margaret Thatcher stated, â€Å"On our own as a nation of 55 million, we would have some voice, but not enough†. The European Union represents over 500 million people which means that if Britain decides to remain in the EU it is in fact much more powerful than any other susceptible country and has a louder, more powerful and more convincing voice all over the globe. Would you want to be living in a insignificant country which is controlled and vulnerable? Moreover America and other equally authoritative allies want Britain to remain in the EU. Washington would begin to ignore the UK due to its insignificance, so there will be less communication about peace and helping the environment. The membership a... ...ependent on the EU, Brian Ardy, Iain Begg and Dermot Hodson, European Institute, South Bank University †¢ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/81dfcf0c-f543-11e2-94e9-00144feabdc0.html membership †¢ www.telegraph.co.uk †º News †º News Topics †º EU Referendum †¢ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2375655/If-left-EU-UK-drift-irrelevance-says-Prince-Williams-adviser.html †¢ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/10206639/Enough-is-enough-lets-leave-the- †¢ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10195775/EU-is-good-for-Britain-Government-review-finds.html †¢ http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/02/europe-eu-uk-economy-small-businesses †¢ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/what-if-britain-left-the-eu-7904469.html †¢ http://britain-watch.co.uk/2013/11/ten-questions-for-the-cbi-and-corporate-bosses-who-talk-about-britains-place-in-the-eu/

Cognitive Behavior Therapy Essay example -- Self Image Weight Papers

Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy for body image has been proven an effective way to improve body dissatisfaction. It has been applied to persons with eating disorders, obesity, body dysmorphic disorder, and normal weight, all of whom harbor negative feelings toward their bodies. It is critically important to target body image for specific treatment, as negative feelings about one's body are often a major precipitous to eating disorders. What is body image? Body image can be defined as the picture one has in his mind about the appearance (i.e. size and shape) of his body, and the attitude that he forms toward these characteristics of his body. Thus there are two components of body image: the perceptual part, or how one sees his own body, and the attitudinal part, or how one feels about his perceived bodily appearance (Gardner, 1996). A negative body image can be in the form of mild feelings of unattractiveness to extreme obsession with physical appearance that impairs normal functioning (Rosen, 1995). How do Americans feel about their bodies? The 1997 Psychology Today Body Image Survey revealed that Americans have more discontentment with their bodies than ever before. Fifty-six percent of women surveyed said they are dissatisfied with their appearance in general. The main problem areas about which women complained were their abdomens (71 percent), body weight (66 percent), hips (60 percent) and muscle tone (58 percent). Many men were also dissatisfied with their overall appearance, almost 43 percent. However body dissatisfaction for men and women usually means two different things. More men as opposed to women wanted to gain weight in order to feel satisfied with their bodies (Ga... ...4. Rosen, J.C., (1995). Body Image Assessment and Treatment in Controlled Studies of Eating Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20, 331-343. Rosen, J.C., Orosan, P., & Reiter, J., (1995). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Negative Body Image in Obese Women. Behavior Therapy, 26, 25-42. Rosen, J.C., Reiter, J., & Orosan, P., (1995). Cognitive-Behavioral Body Image Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 263-269. Rosen, J.C., Saltzberg, E., & Srebnik, D., (1989). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Negative Body Image. Behavior Therapy, 20, 393-404. Veale, D., Gournay, K., Dryden, W., Boocock, A., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J., (1996). Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Cognitive Behavioural Model and Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 717-729.

The Morality of Atheism Essay -- essays research papers

That there is a difference between religion and morality is uncontroversial. How can atheism be interpreted as a moral alternative? Although religion and morality reflect different values, they are deeply tangled for most individuals. In many cases, a person’s moral principles are grounded in religious commitments. In other cases, people find the source of morality outside of religion, such as the inherent value of all human beings. My central claim is that atheism rather than a theologically based value system offers the moral high ground. Theism is defined as the belief in a God or Gods. The term theism is sometimes used to designate the belief in a particular kind of god the personal God of monotheism but, theism signifies the belief in any god or number of Gods. The prefix a means without, so the term, a-theism literally means without theism, or without belief in a God or Gods. Atheism, therefore, is the absence of theistic belief. One who does not believe in the existence of a God or supernatural being is properly designated as an atheist. Atheism is sometimes defined as the belief that there is no God of any kind, or the claim that a God cannot exist. While these are categories of atheism, they do not exhaust the meaning of atheism, and they are somewhat misleading with respect to the basic nature of atheism. Atheism, in its basic form, is not a belief it is the absence of belief. An atheist is not primarily a person who believes that a god does not exist; rather, he does not believe in the existence of a God. What propels people toward atheism is above all a sense of revulsion against the excesses and failures of organized religion. Atheism is ultimately a worldview of fear a fear, often merited, of what might happen if religious maniacs were to take over the world. The fool says in his heart, "There is no God." They are corrupt, they do abominable deeds, there is none that does good. (Psalms 14.1) This passage captures the essence of how the average religious person views atheism. Atheism is probably the least popular and least understood philosophical position in America today. It is often approached with fear and mistrust, as if one were about to investigate a doctrine that advocates a ... ...imply because it is right, and not because of some ulterior motive. There is no need to create fictions for the purpose of moral motivation and to do what is right because one wants to avoid punishment, whether the punishment take the form of incarceration or eternal damnation. The right thing is for honorable people to act for the sake of a reward, whether that reward is worldly or otherworldly. Moreover, a God who will forgive any and all sins does more to promote wrong acts than any secular philosophy. Atheists can avoid these pitfalls since they typically embrace the principle that virtue is its own reward. However, religion can and does play a meaningful role in many lives. A great number of individuals lead a morally good life precisely because of their religious commitments. A deeply ingrained personal faith can provide one with the strength to face hardship and overcome adversity. Hope thrives for those who believe an in an omniscient and all-powerful God, but God and religion are form a necessity to act righteously. Believers and nonbelievers need to work together to live up to the highest moral standards for society to survive as a whole. The Morality of Atheism Essay -- essays research papers That there is a difference between religion and morality is uncontroversial. How can atheism be interpreted as a moral alternative? Although religion and morality reflect different values, they are deeply tangled for most individuals. In many cases, a person’s moral principles are grounded in religious commitments. In other cases, people find the source of morality outside of religion, such as the inherent value of all human beings. My central claim is that atheism rather than a theologically based value system offers the moral high ground. Theism is defined as the belief in a God or Gods. The term theism is sometimes used to designate the belief in a particular kind of god the personal God of monotheism but, theism signifies the belief in any god or number of Gods. The prefix a means without, so the term, a-theism literally means without theism, or without belief in a God or Gods. Atheism, therefore, is the absence of theistic belief. One who does not believe in the existence of a God or supernatural being is properly designated as an atheist. Atheism is sometimes defined as the belief that there is no God of any kind, or the claim that a God cannot exist. While these are categories of atheism, they do not exhaust the meaning of atheism, and they are somewhat misleading with respect to the basic nature of atheism. Atheism, in its basic form, is not a belief it is the absence of belief. An atheist is not primarily a person who believes that a god does not exist; rather, he does not believe in the existence of a God. What propels people toward atheism is above all a sense of revulsion against the excesses and failures of organized religion. Atheism is ultimately a worldview of fear a fear, often merited, of what might happen if religious maniacs were to take over the world. The fool says in his heart, "There is no God." They are corrupt, they do abominable deeds, there is none that does good. (Psalms 14.1) This passage captures the essence of how the average religious person views atheism. Atheism is probably the least popular and least understood philosophical position in America today. It is often approached with fear and mistrust, as if one were about to investigate a doctrine that advocates a ... ...imply because it is right, and not because of some ulterior motive. There is no need to create fictions for the purpose of moral motivation and to do what is right because one wants to avoid punishment, whether the punishment take the form of incarceration or eternal damnation. The right thing is for honorable people to act for the sake of a reward, whether that reward is worldly or otherworldly. Moreover, a God who will forgive any and all sins does more to promote wrong acts than any secular philosophy. Atheists can avoid these pitfalls since they typically embrace the principle that virtue is its own reward. However, religion can and does play a meaningful role in many lives. A great number of individuals lead a morally good life precisely because of their religious commitments. A deeply ingrained personal faith can provide one with the strength to face hardship and overcome adversity. Hope thrives for those who believe an in an omniscient and all-powerful God, but God and religion are form a necessity to act righteously. Believers and nonbelievers need to work together to live up to the highest moral standards for society to survive as a whole.

Strengths Of Animation And Its Technology Art Essay

â€Å" It can sometimes look that CG life regards the production of a plausible and photo-realistic human figure as its sanctum grail. Such a pursuit, nevertheless, misunderstands the existent strengths of life and of its engineering. † Evaluate this statement in the context of a individual illustration from animated movie or a digital game. You must do close mention to both primary and secondary beginnings. The quest for pragmatism in Computer artworks has been the ultimate award for creative persons and coders. These originative people have been endeavoring for over 20 old ages to bring forth realistic practical characters and universes. The art of Computer life has been a pursuit for pragmatism. I have decided to concentrate on a expression at the movie â€Å" Concluding Fantasy: The Liquors Within † and its effects on itself and the industry. The branchings of which are still felt today. Concluding Fantasy: The Spirits within was the first CGI ( computing machine generated image ) movie having simulated human existences. The star of the film is a character created called Dr. Aki Ross, a female Doctor/heroine who has dreams about foreigners and the terminal of the universe. She is a scientist who is seeking to work out how to humanly take ghost-like foreigners called â€Å" apparitions † that have been terrorizing the planet since an asteroid crashed into the Earth. The realistic return on this character was that of a sexy immature female physician – presumptively to lure the usual male videogame demographics of 18-35. An illustration of this was her organic structure was placed on provocative show for readers of the work forces ‘s magazine, Maxim, two months before Final Fantasy ‘s American premiere in the summer of 2001. Looking curiously guiltless in her twine Bikini, Aki addresses the spectator with the same quiet regard she maintains throughout the movie. ( Wikipedia, 2006 ) The movie and the character attempt to play off the frequently popular Asiatic subjects in Western America such as Manga yet seek to lure both Manga fans and western society by understating their divergences from the dominant Hollywood manner in order to appeal to the widest, most â€Å" planetary † audience possible. Yet overall low box office and DVD gross revenues clearly demonstrate the inability of uniting these manners while bring forthing a ‘live-action ‘ CG animated characteristic. ( BoxOfficeMojo, 2006 ) The most interesting thing to audiences and critics was the chief merchandising point of Final Fantasy. It was the first CGI movie to incorporate near-to-photorealistic or â€Å" Hyper Realistic † histrions and actresses ( McCarthy, Variety Online, par. 6 ) . â€Å" One of the things that helped Sid with his pragmatism is the sum of item they were able to add to his tegument † Says Animation Director Andy Jones. â€Å" Adding more item, more age musca volitanss, more material like that makes characters look even more existent. That ‘s one of the grounds that Aki was one of the most hard characters to do expression existent. We could n't set a batch of age musca volitanss and things on her because we needed to maintain her skin clean and attractive † ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, pg 147 ) Using a computing machine plan called Maya, the scenes were created, blocked-out and shooting with practical cameras, which could be moved about and used like existent cameras. â€Å" On top of everything else, we ‘re besides required to imitate a real-life camera and do the whole show look like it was really shot through a existent lens † – Compositing Supervisor James Rogers â€Å" Some times we have to screen of dirty things up a small to do them look existent. It ‘s sort of Ironic. † ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, pg 208 ) Once the storyboards and animatic had been produced, the gesture gaining control squad took over and changeable many histrions executing stunts and normal human motion. Harmonizing to the life manager Andy Jones, energizers debated on what made a character more ‘human like ‘ – the manner it moved, or the manner it looked visually. They eventually decided to concentrate on the expression, peculiarly the facial country and appendages. â€Å" We gave her lentigos, but it was hard. We fought to acquire those in at that place. It was a conflict between seeking to do her expression existent and maintaining her beauty. In a unrecorded action movie they cover up a batch of blemished. So where do we pull the line every bit far as world is concerned? We were merely seeking to add item to do the characters more existent † ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, pg 147 ) Besides, due to Director Sakaguchi ‘s fancy for elaborate and elaborate storyboarding, the staff seemed to pay more attending to the item of the characters through expression and visual aspect instead than through their duologue and narrative. â€Å" The best analogy that I can believe of is when Walk Disney did Snow White. Snow White was the first all-colour, full length sketch, and everybody thought he was brainsick. He could hold gone out and hired a existent actress and got some small people to play the midget ; but he felt really strongly that there was a better was to state that peculiar narrative. † ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, Chris Lee pg8 ) One concern with the visuals, was the drawn-out usage of gesture gaining control, which accounted for over 90 % of the chief character ‘s organic structure motions used in the film. For Final Fantasy each performing artist wore around 35 markers on skintight suits. Motion gaining control can be so sensitive, that it can capture the bodily niceties of performing artists even when they were still. Nuances that were hard to inspire by manus, but easy to enter through the gesture gaining control procedure. Once the public presentations were captured, energizers could work on honing the visual aspect and motion of the characters ‘ organic structures and faces and later, of their tegument and hair. Last but surely non least, the originative squad constructed ocular environments ; sets, props, ‘phantom ‘ foreigners, illuming and particular effects for their new semisynthetic stars. The consequence is a film that looks and feels someplace between life and unrecorded movie. Sakaguchi, Square Co. vice-president and head designer of Final Fantasy, sums it up in the undermentioned manner: â€Å" We ‘ve created characters that no longer experience blatantly computing machine generated. If we press on, we can accomplish the world degree of a live-action movie, but I sort of like where we are now. It ‘s non anime ; it ‘s non unrecorded action. It ‘s something people have ne'er seen before † ( Time 31 July 2000 par. 7 ) . However, one of the taking people in CG life, John Lasseter from the enormously successful Pixar Animation Studios, argues against the usage of ‘live action ‘ CG pragmatism in alive movies. â€Å" It ‘s really of import for us to hold a movie that people look at on a screen and cognize, from the minute it starts, is non unrecorded action. This is a semisynthetic movie. This does non be. It ‘s farcical to seek to make ‘live action ‘ with this medium, Computer life is so complex and clip consuming. Why cause yourself and crew to endure over something you could merely hit with live-action movie? Just take a camera out and movie it. At the same clip, I like to take a universe that people know full well does n't be, and so do it as credible and realistic as we perchance can. † ( Jeff Krutti 1998, pg15 ) Sakaguchi was largely right in that CGI had non been applied to the creative activity of lead human-like histrions antecedently. However, people had seen assorted elements of CGI Realism before, in Western animated characteristics such as Pixar ‘s Toy Story ( 1995 ) and Sony ‘s Stuart Little ( 1999 ) . Even earlier plants in the ocular effects arena such as Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) , Titanic ( 1997 ) and the latest Star Wars Trilogy Parts 1-3 ( 1999-2005 ) . These are all proficient accomplishments that were hard to bring forth. â€Å" The development of hyper existent CG characters has been technically more ambitious than ab initio anticipated, and has lead us through a series of hurdlings to get the better of † – Hironobu Sakaguchi ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, pg4 ) Final Fantasy ‘s failure at the Box Office ( BoxOfficeMojo.com 2006 ) proves a instance for the ‘Uncanny Valley ‘ . What the movie ‘s shapers ab initio saw as the perfect blending of two different civilizations ( Western and Eastern ) and media ( Films and Games ) amounted in the terminal to a immense loss of money for Square Pictures. This may hold been due non merely to the videogame origins of the movie and the fact that it was computing machine animated ( all other game-based movies have been unrecorded action ) , but the controversial manner that the movie used digital life to try mimetic representations of human existences. â€Å" When people come up to me and state, ‘Final Fantasy looks so existent. Why did n't you make it with existent people? ‘ , I tell them, ‘Because this is a better manner of making it. ‘ The future belongs to those who dare, and I think that ‘s what happened here. † ( The Making of concluding phantasy, The Liquors Within 2001, Chris Lee, pg8 ) Traditional life is all about suspending incredulity and making a universe that the position understands is existent within the given context. What Final Fantasy was seeking to make was make world – something that creative persons have been seeking for decennaries utilizing other mediums. World is defined by our deficiency of ability to reproduce it. â€Å" If Aki is non every bit existent as a human actress, she is approximately every bit existent as a Playmate who has been retouched to a calendered flawlessness. † ( Ebert, Roger 2001 ) Criticism of the movie was high, in the fact that the lip-sync motions and emotions of the characters were bland at best. They about looked ‘dead ‘ which is dry sing there is a concealed characteristic located on the Final Fantasy DVD of the characters ‘playing dead ‘ dancing to their version of Michael Jackson ‘s Thriller, ( Concluding Fantasy: The Spirits Within, 2001 DVD ) . I have found that it was easier to suspend incredulity for alive films such as Toy Story 2 than for the computer-created human figures in Final Fantasy. There has non yet been another to the full rendered CGI film seeking to accomplish pragmatism in worlds. I doubt nevertheless Final Fantasy is the concluding effort.Bibliography:A Bugs Life: the art and devising of an heroic poem of illumination proportion. Jeff Krutti. Hyerpion New York. 1998 Steven L. Kent & A ; Tim Cox. 2001. The Making of Final phantasy, The Spirits Within. 1st Edition. Brady Printing